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Symbols and special characters

  • Date:
    03/06/2024
  • Modified:
    05/02/2025
  • Category:
    Textual

Ampersand (&), less than (<), greater than (>)

Process as unicode entity.

CharacterProcess as
&&amp;
<&lt;
>&gt;

✅ Example correct:

At A&amp;T, sales went up with &gt;3%.

❌ Example incorrect:

At A&T, sales went up with >3%.

Symbols

Process all other symbols – like hyphens, arrows, mathematical symbols, currency symbols, and phonetic symbols – as the character itself.

✅ Example correct:

€1950 ≈ $2115

"onschuldig"

❌ Example incorrect:

&#x20AC;1950 &#x2248; &#x0024;2115

&quot;onschuldig&quot;

Arrows

Represent arrows within text using the appropriate Unicode (Hex.) code point from range 2190-2199.

Hyphenation

Process hyphens as follows:

NameUnicodeProcess as
Hyphen-Minus002D–
En dash2013–
Em dash2014—
Horizontal Bar, a.k.a. Quotation Dash2015―

Hyphenation due to page changes should be represented by a ‘Soft Hyphen’ (U+00AD) for normal words or a ‘Hard hyphen’ (U+002D) in compound words.

Greek and Hebrew

Process symbols as in the original print.

Unicode blockRange
Hebrew0590-05FF
Hebrew presentation formsFB1D-FB4F
Greek0370–03FF
Greek extended1F00–1FFF
Ancient Greek numbers10140–1018F

Phonetic symbols

Process symbols as in the original print.

Unicode blockRange
IPA Extensions0250-02AF
Phonetic Extensions1D00-1D7F
Phonetic Extensions Supplement1D80-1DBF
Modifier Tone —sA700-A71F
Spacing Modifier Letters02B0-02FF
Superscripts and Subscripts2070-209F
  • Date:
    03/06/2024
  • Modified:
    05/02/2025
  • Category: